Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Structure and Interaction of Nanoparticle, Protein, and Surfactant Complexes

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements have been carried out from the multicomponent system composed of Ludox HS40 silica nanoparticle, bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant in an aqueous system under the solution condition that all the components are negatively charged. Although the components are similarly charged, strong structural evolutions among them have been observed. The complexes of different components in pairs (nanoparticle–protein, nanoparticle–surfactant, and protein–surfactant) have been examined to correlate the role of each component in the three-component nanoparticle–protein–surfactant system. The nanoparticle–protein system shows depletion interaction induced aggregation of nanoparticles in the presence of protein. Both nanoparticle and surfactant coexist individually in a nanoparticle–surfactant system. In the case of a protein–surfactant system, the cooperative binding of surfactant with protein leads to micelle-like clusters of surfactant formed along the unfolded protein chain. The structure of the three-component (nanoparticle–protein–surfactant) system is found to be governed by the synergetic effect of nanoparticle–protein and protein–surfactant interactions. The nanoparticle aggregates coexist with the structures of protein–surfactant complex in the three-component system. The nanoparticle aggregation as well as unfolding of protein is enhanced in this system as compared to the corresponding two-component systems.