Protective effect of conjugated linolenic acid isomers present in vegetable oils against arsenite-induced renal toxicity in rat model

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), present in vegetable oils against arsenite-induced renal oxidative stress. Methods Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was control and group 2 was treated with sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW). Rats in groups 3 and 4 were treated with mixture of α-eleostearic acid and punicic acid (1:1) (0.5% and 1.0%, respectively), whereas rats in the groups 5 and 6 were treated with 0.5% of α-eleostearic acid and 0.5% of punicic acid, respectively, along with Sa by oral gavage once daily. Results Results revealed that activity of antioxidant enzymes and total reduced glutathione content, total protein content, and phospholipid content in kidney were decreased significantly in arsenite-treated group compared with control. Activity of nitric oxide synthase, peroxidation of lipid, protein oxidation, total cholesterol content, total lipid content of kidney, and plasma creatinine level were increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in arsenite-treated rats compared with control. Fatty-acid composition of renal lipids showed significant decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, and increase in saturated fatty acid content due to oxidative stress. PUFA such as γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid decreased significantly with significant ( P < 0.05) increase in arachidonic acid content after Sa treatment. Administration of blended product of both the isomers caused better restoration of renal fatty acids and other altered parameters. Conclusion CLnA isomers caused amelioration of renal oxidative stress and the isomers showed synergistic activity.