Systematic Approach To Engineer Escherichia coli Pathways for Co-utilization of a Glucose–Xylose Mixture

Glucose and xylose are two major sugars of lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The regulatory program of catabolite repression in Escherichia coli dictates the preferred utilization of glucose over xylose, which handicaps the development of the lignocellulose-based fermentation process. To co-utilize a glucose–xylose mixture, the E. coli strain was manipulated by pathway engineering in a systematic way. The approach included (1) blocking catabolite repression, (2) enhancing glucose transport, (3) increasing the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, and (4) eliminating undesirable pathways. Moreover, the ethanol synthetic pathway from Zymomonas mobilis was introduced into the engineered strain. As a consequence, the resulting strain was able to simultaneously metabolize glucose and xylose and consume all sugars (30 g/L each) in 16 h, leading to 97% of the theoretical ethanol yield. Overall, this indicates that this approach is effective and straightforward to engineer E. coli for the desired trait.