Clarifying a basis for qualitative generalization using approaches that identify shared culture

While the topic of generalization is well documented for quantitative research, it is less well documented for qualitative research. Addressing this issue, Williams (2000) proposes the concept of ‘moderatum generalization’ in which generalization is based on the presence of shared culture, and Gobo (2009) proposes idiographic sampling theory via three modes of inference. This article builds on Williams (2000) by considering two mixed-method approaches, cultural consensus analysis combined with cultural modelling, and Q methodology. Both approaches provide a basis for qualitative generalization by explicitly identifying shared culture. In doing this they are consistent with the emblematic case mode of inference described by Gobo (2009).