Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients

Abstract Objective Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine whose genetic polymorphisms are associated with the production of IL-10 and the susceptibility to periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) in renal transplant patients in a Chinese population, taking into account subgingival microbiota as additional variables. Material and methods A total of 202 patients were dichotomized into two groups: 122 with GO and 80 without GO. The IL-10 -1082 SNP, -819 SNP and -592 SNP were measured using an allele-specific PCR method. The levels of subgingival bacteria were measured by real-time PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results The frequency of IL-10 -819TT (-592AA) genotype was statistically higher in patients with GO than that in patients without GO ( P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of GO is not dependent on age, gender, and pharmacological variables, being significantly associated with the carriers of ATA haplotype (OR = 2.425, 95%CI = 1.214–4.845, P = 0.012). Moreover, ATA positive carriers in the GO group presented significantly higher levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola than those negative carriers. Conclusions Our results show that IL-10 -819TT (-592AA) genotype and ATA halpotype are associated with susceptibility to CsA-induced GO. Meanwhile, ATA haplotype is associated with a higher detection of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in GO patients, and may increase the risk of developing GO.