Cocaine and metabolites in waste and surface water across Belgium

Cocaine abuse, a growing social problem, is currently estimated from population surveys, consumer interviews and crime statistics. A new approach based on the analysis of cocaine (COC) and metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), in water samples was applied to 28 rivers an...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental pollution (1987) 2009, Vol.157 (1), p.123-129
Hauptverfasser:	van Nuijs, Alexander L.N., Pecceu, Bert, Theunis, Laetitia, Dubois, Nathalie, Charlier, Corinne, Jorens, Philippe G., Bervoets, Lieven, Blust, Ronny, Neels, Hugo, Covaci, Adrian
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Belgium Biological and medical sciences Chromatography, Liquid Cocaine Cocaine - analogs & derivatives Cocaine - analysis Cocaine consumption Cocaine equivalents Cocaine-Related Disorders Cocaïne Drainage, Sanitary Drug addictions Eaux de surface Environmental pollutants toxicology Environmental sciences & ecology Fresh Water Humans LC–MS Life sciences Medical sciences Narcotics - analysis Pollution Sciences de l’environnement & écologie Sciences du vivant Solid Phase Extraction Substance Abuse Detection - statistics & numerical data Surface water Tandem Mass Spectrometry Toxicology Waste Disposal, Fluid Waste water Water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Cocaine abuse, a growing social problem, is currently estimated from population surveys, consumer interviews and crime statistics. A new approach based on the analysis of cocaine (COC) and metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), in water samples was applied to 28 rivers and 37 waste water treatment plants in Belgium using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. While EME was undetectable, COC and BE were detectable with concentrations ranging from
ISSN:	0269-7491 0013-9327 1873-6424
DOI:	10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.020