Pretherapeutic Plasma Pro- and Anti- Inflammatory Mediators Are Related to High Risk of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Prospective Cohort Study. e64918

Objective This prospective study evaluated clinical risk indicators as well as pro- and anti- inflammatory mediators at the time of malignancy diagnosis in relation to chemotherapy-related oral mucositis in pediatric population. Methods Patients (n = 104) under 18 years of age with primary malignancies and undergoing chemotherapy were included. Potential risk indicators were analyzed using binary logistic regression with oral mucositis as the outcome. In a subgroup (n = 35), plasma samples at the time of malignancy diagnosis were analyzed for inflammatory cytokines and an antimicrobial protein pro-LL-37 (hCAP18). Results In the multivariable model, type of malignancy diagnosis was significantly associated with oral mucositis, with highest risk of oral mucositis in patients with acute leukemia compared to those with lymphoma or solid tumors. At the time of malignancy diagnosis, plasma from patients with acute leukemia displayed higher concentrations (P