Relationships between frailty, neighborhood security, social cohesion and sense of belonging among community-dwelling older people

Aim The relationships between frailty and neighborhood social resources and neighborhood quality among community‐dwelling older people are poorly understood. We therefore enquired into these associations while controlling for important individual characteristics. Methods Our cross‐sectional study included 945 out of 1440 (66% response rate) community‐dwelling older people (aged ≥70 years) in Rotterdam. The sample included approximately 430 older adults per district and was proportional with respect to neighborhood and age. Potential participants were mailed questionnaires, non‐respondents were first sent a reminder, then asked by telephone and finally visited at home to complete the questionnaire. Results Age, sex, marital status and level of education varied between the frail and non‐frail. A significantly larger proportion of the frail was female (64.4% vs 48.0%; P ≤ 0.001), fewer were married (22.1% vs 48.4%; P ≤ 0.001) and the frail were, on average, older than the non‐frail (78.8 vs 76.0 years; P ≤ 0.001). A significantly larger proportion of the frail were poorly educated (25.9% vs 18.6%; P ≤ 0.01). Multilevel regression analyses showed that older age (P