Distribution and breakdown of DDT in orchard soil

Amounts of DDT and its breakdown products were determined in soil in an apple orchard in Herefordshire. Samples were taken for a number of years (1972–79) after use of the insecticide in the orchard had ceased in 1969. The results were compared with those obtained in an investigation of the same orchard in 1968. From 1968 to 1979, soil residues of pp′‐DDT, p′‐‐DDT and pp′‐‐TDE decreased gradually whereas those of pp′‐‐DDE increased, and there were linear relationships between log (concentration) and time. The calculated time for 50% decrease in concentration (Dt50) was 11.7 years for pp′‐‐DDT, 3.3 years for pp′‐‐TDE and 7.1 years for op′‐‐DDT; the time for doubling the concentration for pp′‐‐DDE was 9.1 years. Regression analysis on the two major components (pp′‐‐DDT+pp′‐‐DDE) indicated that the total amount (2.7 mg kg−1) was not decreasing with time. It was concluded that during a post‐spray era, the breakdown of pp′‐‐DDT to pp′‐‐DDE was a significant feature of the persistence of DDT, and that, in contrast to the findings of other workers who sampled when DDT was being used, there were no losses by volatilisation. There was an exponential decrease in the amount of DDT residues with increasing soil depth and approximately 90% was found in the top 10 cm of the undisturbed soil profile.