Adalimumab and Infliximab Are Equally Effective for Crohn's Disease in Patients Not Previously Treated With Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Agents

Background & Aims Infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are thought to have equal efficacy for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), although no direct comparison has been performed. We compared the effectiveness and safety of IFX and ADA in carefully matched cohorts. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 200 patients with CD (100 treated with IFX and 100 treated with ADA, starting in 2006 or later) who had not received anti–tumor necrosis factor α agents previously; the patients were identified from databases of 6 hospitals in The Netherlands. The groups were matched carefully for indication, duration of disease, age, and Montreal classification. The primary end point was the steroid-free clinical response, defined by a combination of multiple clinical parameters, after 1 year. Results Of the total patient population, 63.5% and 45% had a clinical response after 1 and 2 years, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatment groups: at 1 and 2 years, 62% and 41% of those receiving ADA vs 65% and 49% of those receiving IFX had responses, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed identical decreases in response rates over time. Combining IFX or ADA with immunomodulator therapy was associated with a higher clinical response than monotherapy, although this was only significant among patients who received IFX ( P = .03). There were no differences in numbers of side effects or opportunistic infections. Conclusions The effectiveness of ADA or IFX treatment in anti–tumor necrosis factor α–naive patients with CD is comparable after 1 and 2 years of follow-up evaluation. The efficacies of IFX and ADA each seem to increase when given with immunomodulator therapy, although only significantly for IFX.