Water/Chlorocarbon Winsor I ⇔ III ⇔ II Microemulsion Phase Behavior with Alkyl Glucamide Surfactants

The investigation of the microemulsification of chlorocarbons that contaminate aquifers is addressed in this study. The surfactants employed are alkyl glucamidesglucamine coupled with either n-heptanoic, n-nonanoic, or n-dodecanoic acids as well as the Guerbet version of the dodecanoic acid. The chlorinated hydrocarbons studied include tetrachloroethylene (PCE), carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), chloroform, methylene chloride, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. It was possible to generate classical Winsor I ⇔ III ⇔ II phase behavior with nearly all of the above chlorocarbons.