Risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving rituximab-chemotherapy: A meta-analysis

Abstract Background The addition of Rituximab to standard chemotherapy (C) has been reported to improve the end of treatment outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. Nevertheless, rituximab has been associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R). Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to research the relationship between rituximab and HBV-R. Study design We searched the commonly used databases both in English and Chinese from November 1997 to June 30, 2012. Meta-analysis was performed in fixed/random-effects models using Review Manager 5.1 and STATA 10.0. Publication bias was examined through Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. Results Nine eligible articles were selected in this review (8 studies in English and 1 studies in Chinese), which included 971 adult patients and met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of rituximab-associated HBV-R cases reported through case series ( n = 387), 304 were HBcAb (+)/HBsAg (−) and 83 HBsAg (+). The pooled effect of rituximab-based therapy on HBV-R significantly increased under fixed-effects model [Relative risk (RR) 2.14, 95%CI 1.42–3.22, P = 0.0003]. In subgroup analysis, rituximab-associated HBV-R in isolated HBcAb (+) patients remained high, and the RR was 5.52 (95%CI 2.05–14.85, P = 0.0007). The RR of HBV-R in NHL patients with HBsAg (+) treated with R-based therapy when compared with the control population was 1.63 by the random-effects model. Conclusions Rituximab therapy may increase the risk of developing HBV-R in NHL patients with HBcAb(+).