Successful treatment of neuroborreliosis in an HIV patient with simultaneous Borrelia, HIV-1 and Epstein― Barr virus genomes in liquor

At the end of 2010, an estimated 34 million people were living with HIV worldwide. In North America, Western Europe and Central Europe, the total number of people living with HIV reached an estimated 2.2 million and the HIV incidence has changed little since 2004 [1]. Similar to AIDS, the cause of Lyme disease was discovered in the early 1980s [2,3]. Lyme disease, an infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most frequent ixodid tick-borne human disease in the world, with an incidence of approximately 85 500 patients annually in Europe [4] and 16 500 in North America [5]. Remarkably, despite these high numbers, the incidence of Lyme disease in HIV-positive patients is not well known. Especially for neuroborreliosis in HIV-positive patients, very few cases have been described.