GIS-based scenario calculations for a nationwide German hydrogen pipeline infrastructure

This study assumes a high penetration of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles for Germany in 2050 and investigates the structure of a potential pipeline network for hydrogen transmission and distribution under different scenarios for H2 production and demand. All data are georeferenced for their computation and displayed within a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. Statistical data describing the current vehicle distribution by type and district are computed to evaluate the geographical distribution of hydrogen demand that can be expected. Assumptions on market penetration for hydrogen-fuelled vehicles are also varied. We identified the majority of the approximately 14,000 existing refuelling stations for conventional fuels and expect hydrogen to be delivered at most of them, selected according to their localisation (along or near main roads, within urban areas, etc.). They form the sinks of the modelled distribution network. On the hydrogen production side, we envisage highly differentiated scenarios: electrolysis using offshore wind-generated electricity associated with onshore wind-generated electricity or with lignite gasification. Then we calculate the preliminary layouts and costs of pipeline networks capable of balancing the proposed demand and supply options. Finally, we compare the different options from an infrastructure planning and support perspective. ► A GIS tool generates capacitated pipeline networks between several sources and sinks. ► Preferred routes for hydrogen pipelines in Germany are specified. ► Preliminary layouts and costs are calculated for highly differentiated scenarios.