Gut hormone release and appetite regulation in healthy non-obese participants following oligofructose intake. A dose-escalation study

► Assessment of stepwise dose increases of oligofructose on appetite and gut hormones. ► Oligofructose dose-dependently elevated plasma PYY and suppressed PP and ghrelin. ► Doses of oligofructose ⩾35g/day significantly changed postprandial plasma PYY and PP. ► Doses ⩾25g/day reduced hunger scores in the home environment, but not in acute tests. ► Oligofructose did not affect energy intake in this study. Prevention of weight gain in adults is a major public health target. Animal experiments have consistently demonstrated a relationship between fermentable carbohydrate intake, such as oligofructose, anorectic gut hormones, and appetite suppression and body weight control. This study was designed to determine the dose of oligofructose which would augment the release of anorectic gut hormones and reduce appetite consistently in non-obese humans. Twelve non-obese participants were recruited for a 5-week dose-escalation study. Following a 9–14-day run-in, participants increased their daily oligofructose intake every week from 15, 25, 35, 45, to 55g daily. Subjective appetite and side effects were monitored daily. Three-day food diaries were completed every week. Appetite study sessions explored the acute effects of 0, 15, 35, and 55g oligofructose on appetite-related hormones, glycaemia, subjective appetite, and energy intake. In the home environment, oligofructose suppressed hunger, but did not affect energy intake. Oligofructose dose-dependently increased peptide YY, decreased pancreatic polypeptide and tended to decrease ghrelin, but did not significantly affect appetite profile, energy intake, glucose, insulin, or glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations during appetite study sessions. In conclusion, oligofructose supplementation at ⩾35g/day increased peptide YY and suppressed pancreatic polypeptide and hunger; however, energy intake did not change significantly.