Long-Term Outcomes of Anterior Dual-Rod Instrumentation for Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Curves in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Twelve to Twenty-three-Year Follow-up Study

BACKGROUND:Anterior spinal fusion with instrumentation is used for the treatment of thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis. The aim of this long-term, retrospective, hospital-based cohort study was to determine the outcomes of anterior dual-rod instrumentation in a consecutive series of patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis managed by a single surgeon at a single institution. METHODS:A consecutive series of thirty-two patients with Lenke type-5C thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were included. Outcome measures included patient demographics, radiographic measurements, adjacent-segment degeneration, pulmonary function, and Scoliosis Research Society outcome instrument (SRS-30) scores. Perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS:Thirty patients were followed for a mean of 17.2 years (range, twelve to twenty-three years). The mean thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angle correction rate and correction loss at the time of the latest follow-up were 79.8% and 3.4°, respectively. The average percent-predicted forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second were 91.8% and 81.8%, respectively. The average total SRS-30 score was 4.2. Mild degeneration below the fusion mass was observed in 23% of the patients. No instrumentation failure, pseudarthrosis, surgical site infection, or clinically relevant neurovascular complications were observed. Two patients required surgical revision with posterior spinal instrumentation, one because of subjacent disc wedging and the other because of progression of the thoracic curve deformity. CONCLUSIONS:Radiographic findings, pulmonary function, and clinical measures were satisfactory at the time of follow-up, at a minimum of twelve years. Anterior dual-rod instrumentation remains a useful surgical treatment for Lenke type-5C thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.