MicroRNA functions in insects

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are generated in all eukaryotes and viruses. Their role as master regulators of gene expression in various biological processes has only been fully appreciated over the last decade. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the expression of miRNAs may lead to disorders, including developmental defects, diseases and cancer. Here, I review what is currently known about miRNA functions in insects to provide an insight into their diverse roles in insect biology. [Display omitted] ► MicroRNAs are ∼22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs produced in all eukaryotes. ► MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. ► In insects, microRNAs are involved in various functions, including development, immunity and host–pathogen interactions.