Does Screening Mammography Lead to Overdiagnosis of Invasive Breast Cancer?

Bob: There are some limitations, of course. Because the women were put in groups based on residence in specific counties, there is a large potential for bias from geographic, socioeconomic, and other demographic factors. Jill: This study adds to the existing literature on cancer overdiagnosis.3 It highlights the importance of adhering to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence-based recommendations for breast cancer screening to reduce overuse of mammography, and it reminds us to do a better job educating our patients about the possible risks of overdiagnosis. Main Points * Implementation of a universal mammographic screening program leads to an increase in the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, because of improved detection of clinically significant cancer and overdiagnosis. * Overdiagnosis occurs when a disease or condition is detected or diagnosed by screening, but it would not otherwise lead to symptoms or earlier mortality. * Universal access to care can help level the playing field and allow more valid longitudinal studies to be done.