Anti-Inflammatory Profile of Paricalcitol in Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective, Open-Label, Pilot Study

Inflammation is a strong predictor of increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Paricalcitol, a selective vitamin D receptor activator used for prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism, has shown anti‐inflammatory properties in experimental studies, although clinical data are scarce. In an open‐label, prospective, single center, pilot study, 25 stable HD patients, previously receiving calcitriol, completed 12 weeks of therapy with oral paricalcitol. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Serum interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐10, and IL‐18 did not change, unlike high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and IL‐6, which experienced a significant mean percent decrease of 14.3%, 4.7%, and 5%, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the TNF‐α/IL‐10 and the IL‐6/IL‐10 ratios (P