Biodegradation of the herbicide propanil, and its 3,4-dichloroaniline by-product in a continuously operated biofilm reactor
The persistence of propanil in soil and aquatic environments along with the possible accumulation of toxic degradation products, such as chloroanilines, is of environmental concern. In this work, a continuous small-scale bioprocess to degrade the herbicide propanil, its main catabolic by-product, 3,...
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Veröffentlicht in: | World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2013-03, Vol.29 (3), p.467-474 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The persistence of propanil in soil and aquatic environments along with the possible accumulation of toxic degradation products, such as chloroanilines, is of environmental concern. In this work, a continuous small-scale bioprocess to degrade the herbicide propanil, its main catabolic by-product, 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), and the herbicide adjuvants is carried out. A microbial consortium, constituted by nine bacterial genera, was selected. The isolated strains, identified by amplification and sequencing of their 16S rDNA, were:
Acidovorax
sp.,
Luteibacter (rhizovicinus), Xanthomonas
sp.,
Flavobacterium
sp.,
Variovorax
sp.,
Acinetobacter (calcoaceticus), Pseudomonas
sp.,
Rhodococcus
sp., and
Kocuria
sp. The ability of the microbial consortium to degrade the herbicide was evaluated in a biofilm reactor at propanil loading rates ranging from 1.9 to 36.8 mg L
−1
h
−1
. Complete removal of propanil, 3,4-DCA, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon was obtained at propanil loading rates up to 24.9 mg L
−1
h
−1
. At higher loading rates, the removal efficiencies decayed. Four of the identified strains could grow individually in propanil, and 3,4-DCA:
Pseudomonas
sp.,
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
,
Rhodococcus
sp., and
Xanthomonas
sp. The
Kokuria
strain grew on 3,4-DCA, but not on propanil. The first three bacteria have been related to biodegradation of phenyl urea herbicides or chlorinated anilines. Although some strains of the genera
Xanthomonas
and
Kocuria
have a role in the biodegradation of several xenobiotic compounds, as far as we know, there are no reports about degradation of propanil by
Xanthomonas
or 3,4-DCA by
Kocuria
species. |
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ISSN: | 0959-3993 1573-0972 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11274-012-1200-5 |