New Ionization Method for Analysis on Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometers Requiring Only Vacuum and Matrix Assistance

Matrix assisted ionization vacuum (MAIV) is a new ionization method that does not require high voltages, a laser beam, or applied heat and depends only the proper matrix, 3-nitrobenzonitrile (3-NBN), and the vacuum of the mass spectrometer to initiate ionization. Analyte ions of volatile as well as nonvolatile compounds are formed by simply exposing the matrix–analyte to the vacuum of a mass spectrometer. The reduced pressure at the inlet of an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer suffices to produce analyte ions, but unlike the previously reported matrix assisted ionization inlet method, with MAIV, heating the inlet is not necessary. Singly and multiply charged ions are formed similar to electrospray ionization but from a surface. Mass spectrometers in which a heated inlet tube is not available can be used for ionization using the 3-NBN matrix. We demonstrate rapid, high-sensitivity analyses of drugs, peptides, and proteins in the low femtomole range. The potential for high-throughput analyses is shown using multiwell plates and paper strips.