Maxillary rehabilitation of periodontally compromised patients with extensive one-piece fixed prostheses supported by natural teeth: a retrospective longitudinal study

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the long-term success and stability of periodontal tissue around extensive one-piece prostheses supported by natural teeth in periodontally compromised maxillae. Materials and methods A total of 28 fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated by different technologies were inserted in 28 patients with a history of chronic periodontitis after successful periodontal treatment. Subsequently, a program of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) was instituted. Clinical parameters were evaluated in each patient after insertion of the FDP and during a follow-up examination. Results The reported follow-up examinations took place after a mean clinical service of 75.7 (9.9–232.7) months. Probing depths had remained essentially unchanged by that time (2.6 ± 0.8 mm at baseline versus 2.7 ± 0.6 mm at follow-up). Significant deteriorations were observed based on plaque index scores (from 24.8% to 33.2%) and bleeding on probing (from 8.5% to 26.2%). One case of framework fracture was noted. Conclusions Restorative treatment with extensive one-piece FDPs resulted in long-term stability of the periodontal outcomes. Gingival conditions were shown to deteriorate mildly despite periodic recalls for SPT. An association between deterioration and compliance was observed, suggesting that periodic examinations are essential for maintaining oral hygiene and hence to the success of treatment. Clinical relevance Given a favorable distribution of potential abutment teeth, treatment with tooth-supported extensive FDPs is desirable even in patients with a history of periodontitis. Removable dentures would involve a number of shortcomings, including functional problems and severe degradation of oral ecology. Tooth-supported FDPs are capable of restoring function, esthetics, phonation, and mastication.