Primary stability/mobility of 1-stage and 2-stage dental implants: a comparative in vitro study

To evaluate the primary stability of 1-stage (nonsubmerged) and 2-stage (submerged) implants via newest wireless resonance frequency (RF) analyzer and newer wireless mobility measuring (MM) device. Six 1-stage dental implants with internal hex connection and six 2-stage dental implants, 4.1 mm in diameter and 11.5 mm in length, were inserted bilaterally into the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar regions of 6 standard mandibular transparent self-curing acrylic resin models. After that, the periimplant circular bone defects were created in millimeter increments ranging between 0 and 5 mm to the same extent on all implants. Implant stability quotient values significantly decreased at 1-stage and 2-stage implants when periimplant defects increased. Similar implant stability quotient values were found for both implant types; however, significantly lower MM values were noted for 2-stage implants. Irrespective of implant systems, the results indicated a significant association between wireless RF analyzer and wireless MM device. Both wireless RF analyzer and wireless MM device were adequate in assessing implant stability. There was no difference between 2-stage and 1-stage implant systems, except lower MM values were noted for nonsubmerged implants.