Intraoperative Molecular Assessment for Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) Assay

Background Conventional intraoperative pathological examination for Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) has been controversial. We evaluated the efficacy of one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay for intraoperative diagnosis of cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis compared with histopathological examination in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods A total of 175 CLNs dissected from 56 patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery at Aichi Cancer Center, Kyorin University, Gunma University or Fukushima Medical University, between April 2008 and December 2011 were enrolled. CLN samples were sectioned into four equal pieces, with two of each used for OSNA assay and other histopathological examinations. The diagnostic value of OSNA assay in HNSCC patients in predicting the results of histopathological diagnosis was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results OSNA assay showed acceptable efficacy in the detection of pathological CLN metastasis (AUROC 0.918, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.852–0.984). Regarding the CK19mRNA cutoff value, the optimum cutoff point in HNSCC patients was 131 copies/μl (sensitivity: 82.4, 95 % CI 65.5–93.2; specificity: 99.3, 95 % CI 96.1–100.0; positive likelihood ratio 116.1; negative likelihood ratio 0.2]. Conclusions We demonstrated that OSNA assay is useful in intraoperative diagnosis for CLN metastasis in patients with HNSCC. OSNA assay could be applied for SNNS in HNSCC patients.