Prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horses

Summary Reasons for performing study: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an ageing‐related neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence and risk factors for PPID using seasonally adjusted basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in aged horses have not been previousl...

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Veröffentlicht in:Equine veterinary journal 2013-01, Vol.45 (1), p.74-79
Hauptverfasser: MCGOWAN, T. W., PINCHBECK, G. P., MCGOWAN, C. M.
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PINCHBECK, G. P.
MCGOWAN, C. M.
description Summary Reasons for performing study: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an ageing‐related neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence and risk factors for PPID using seasonally adjusted basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in aged horses have not been previously reported. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for PPID in a population of horses aged ≥15 years in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Owner‐reported data was obtained using a postal questionnaire distributed to an equestrian group. A subgroup of surveyed owners were visited and a veterinary physical examination performed on all horses aged ≥15 years. Blood samples were analysed for basal plasma alpha melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and ACTH concentrations, routine haematology and selected biochemistry. Aged horses with elevations above seasonally adjusted cut‐off values for basal plasma ACTH were considered positive for PPID. Positive horses were compared with their aged counterparts to determine risk factors and clinical signs associated with PPID. Results: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction was prevalent in aged horses (21.2%) despite owners infrequently reporting it as a known or diagnosed disease or disorder. Numerous clinical or historical signs were associated with an increased risk of PPID in the univariable model, but only age (odds ratio (OR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.25, P
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00578.x
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W. ; PINCHBECK, G. P. ; MCGOWAN, C. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>MCGOWAN, T. W. ; PINCHBECK, G. P. ; MCGOWAN, C. M.</creatorcontrib><description>Summary Reasons for performing study: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an ageing‐related neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence and risk factors for PPID using seasonally adjusted basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in aged horses have not been previously reported. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for PPID in a population of horses aged ≥15 years in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Owner‐reported data was obtained using a postal questionnaire distributed to an equestrian group. A subgroup of surveyed owners were visited and a veterinary physical examination performed on all horses aged ≥15 years. Blood samples were analysed for basal plasma alpha melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and ACTH concentrations, routine haematology and selected biochemistry. Aged horses with elevations above seasonally adjusted cut‐off values for basal plasma ACTH were considered positive for PPID. Positive horses were compared with their aged counterparts to determine risk factors and clinical signs associated with PPID. Results: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction was prevalent in aged horses (21.2%) despite owners infrequently reporting it as a known or diagnosed disease or disorder. Numerous clinical or historical signs were associated with an increased risk of PPID in the univariable model, but only age (odds ratio (OR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.25, P&lt;0.001) and owner‐reported history of hirsutism (OR 7.80; 95% CI 3.67–16.57, P&lt;0.001) remained in the final multivariable model. There were no routine haematological or biochemical variables supportive of a diagnosis of PPID. Conclusions and potential relevance: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction occurs commonly in aged horses despite under‐recognition by owners. The increased risk of PPID with age supports that this is an ageing associated condition. Aged horses with clinical or historical signs consistent with PPID, especially owner‐reported hirsutism (delayed shedding and/or long hair coat), should be tested and appropriate treatment instituted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0425-1644</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2042-3306</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00578.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22594955</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EQVJAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Aging ; Animals ; Confidence intervals ; Data Collection ; endocrine ; epidemiology ; equine Cushing's syndrome ; geriatric ; Hormones ; horse ; Horse Diseases - diagnosis ; Horses ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - diagnosis ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Queensland - epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Signs ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>Equine veterinary journal, 2013-01, Vol.45 (1), p.74-79</ispartof><rights>2012 EVJ Ltd</rights><rights>2012 EVJ Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4348-11e0b8515de34e480c9e55895f5615263310d3fd4989e0f2dc34342812d3bf733</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4348-11e0b8515de34e480c9e55895f5615263310d3fd4989e0f2dc34342812d3bf733</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.2042-3306.2012.00578.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.2042-3306.2012.00578.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22594955$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>MCGOWAN, T. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PINCHBECK, G. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MCGOWAN, C. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horses</title><title>Equine veterinary journal</title><addtitle>Equine Vet J</addtitle><description>Summary Reasons for performing study: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an ageing‐related neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence and risk factors for PPID using seasonally adjusted basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in aged horses have not been previously reported. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for PPID in a population of horses aged ≥15 years in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Owner‐reported data was obtained using a postal questionnaire distributed to an equestrian group. A subgroup of surveyed owners were visited and a veterinary physical examination performed on all horses aged ≥15 years. Blood samples were analysed for basal plasma alpha melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and ACTH concentrations, routine haematology and selected biochemistry. Aged horses with elevations above seasonally adjusted cut‐off values for basal plasma ACTH were considered positive for PPID. Positive horses were compared with their aged counterparts to determine risk factors and clinical signs associated with PPID. Results: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction was prevalent in aged horses (21.2%) despite owners infrequently reporting it as a known or diagnosed disease or disorder. Numerous clinical or historical signs were associated with an increased risk of PPID in the univariable model, but only age (odds ratio (OR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.25, P&lt;0.001) and owner‐reported history of hirsutism (OR 7.80; 95% CI 3.67–16.57, P&lt;0.001) remained in the final multivariable model. There were no routine haematological or biochemical variables supportive of a diagnosis of PPID. Conclusions and potential relevance: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction occurs commonly in aged horses despite under‐recognition by owners. The increased risk of PPID with age supports that this is an ageing associated condition. Aged horses with clinical or historical signs consistent with PPID, especially owner‐reported hirsutism (delayed shedding and/or long hair coat), should be tested and appropriate treatment instituted.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Data Collection</subject><subject>endocrine</subject><subject>epidemiology</subject><subject>equine Cushing's syndrome</subject><subject>geriatric</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>horse</subject><subject>Horse Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Horses</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Queensland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Signs</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><issn>0425-1644</issn><issn>2042-3306</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtv1DAURi0EokPhLyBLbFiQwc_EkdigtrRF5SVBu7Q8zk3xNOOkdjLM_HvuMGUWrPDGV_Y514-PEMrZnON4u5wLpkQhJSux4mLOmK7MfPOIzA4bj8kMS13wUqkj8iznJWNSCiWekiMhdK1qrWdk_TXB2nUQPbyhKeQ72jo_9ilTFxvquxCDdx3N4TZmOiRogh_DGmjbJwr3U4hAhzBOYXRpSweHXogjpBWCjjbb3E4RhT7iMnW30NCf2Bvyc_KkdV2GFw_zMfnx4ez7yUVx9eX88uT9VeGVVKbgHNjCaK4bkAqUYb4GrU2tW11yLUopOWtk26ja1MBa0XiJnjBcNHLRVlIek9f7vkPq7yfIo12F7KHrXIR-ypYLaThTxihEX_2DLvspRbwdUgI_sawUR8rsKZ_6nBO0dkhhhY-3nNldNnZpdxHYXQR2l439k43doPry4YBpgf9zEP-GgcC7PfArdLD978b27PojFqgXez3kETYH3aU7W1ay0vbm87n9pk4_VdWNtNfyN9x4q9c</recordid><startdate>201301</startdate><enddate>201301</enddate><creator>MCGOWAN, T. W.</creator><creator>PINCHBECK, G. P.</creator><creator>MCGOWAN, C. M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201301</creationdate><title>Prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horses</title><author>MCGOWAN, T. W. ; PINCHBECK, G. P. ; MCGOWAN, C. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4348-11e0b8515de34e480c9e55895f5615263310d3fd4989e0f2dc34342812d3bf733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Data Collection</topic><topic>endocrine</topic><topic>epidemiology</topic><topic>equine Cushing's syndrome</topic><topic>geriatric</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>horse</topic><topic>Horse Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Horses</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Queensland - epidemiology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Signs</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MCGOWAN, T. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PINCHBECK, G. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MCGOWAN, C. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Equine veterinary journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MCGOWAN, T. W.</au><au>PINCHBECK, G. P.</au><au>MCGOWAN, C. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horses</atitle><jtitle>Equine veterinary journal</jtitle><addtitle>Equine Vet J</addtitle><date>2013-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>74</spage><epage>79</epage><pages>74-79</pages><issn>0425-1644</issn><eissn>2042-3306</eissn><coden>EQVJAI</coden><abstract>Summary Reasons for performing study: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an ageing‐related neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence and risk factors for PPID using seasonally adjusted basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in aged horses have not been previously reported. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for PPID in a population of horses aged ≥15 years in Queensland, Australia. Methods: Owner‐reported data was obtained using a postal questionnaire distributed to an equestrian group. A subgroup of surveyed owners were visited and a veterinary physical examination performed on all horses aged ≥15 years. Blood samples were analysed for basal plasma alpha melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and ACTH concentrations, routine haematology and selected biochemistry. Aged horses with elevations above seasonally adjusted cut‐off values for basal plasma ACTH were considered positive for PPID. Positive horses were compared with their aged counterparts to determine risk factors and clinical signs associated with PPID. Results: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction was prevalent in aged horses (21.2%) despite owners infrequently reporting it as a known or diagnosed disease or disorder. Numerous clinical or historical signs were associated with an increased risk of PPID in the univariable model, but only age (odds ratio (OR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.25, P&lt;0.001) and owner‐reported history of hirsutism (OR 7.80; 95% CI 3.67–16.57, P&lt;0.001) remained in the final multivariable model. There were no routine haematological or biochemical variables supportive of a diagnosis of PPID. Conclusions and potential relevance: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction occurs commonly in aged horses despite under‐recognition by owners. The increased risk of PPID with age supports that this is an ageing associated condition. Aged horses with clinical or historical signs consistent with PPID, especially owner‐reported hirsutism (delayed shedding and/or long hair coat), should be tested and appropriate treatment instituted.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22594955</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00578.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Aging
Animals
Confidence intervals
Data Collection
endocrine
epidemiology
equine Cushing's syndrome
geriatric
Hormones
horse
Horse Diseases - diagnosis
Horses
Multivariate Analysis
Odds Ratio
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - diagnosis
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion - epidemiology
Prevalence
Queensland - epidemiology
Risk Factors
Signs
Surveys and Questionnaires
title Prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horses
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