Characterizing fundamental frequency in Mandarin: A functional principal component approach utilizing mixed effect models

A model for fundamental frequency (F0, or commonly pitch) employing a functional principal component (FPC) analysis framework is presented. The model is applied to Mandarin Chinese; this Sino-Tibetan language is rich in pitch-related information as the relative pitch curve is specified for most syllables in the lexicon. The approach yields a quantification of the influence carried by each identified component in relation to original tonal content, without formulating any assumptions on the shape of the tonal components. The original five speaker corpus is preprocessed using a locally weighted least squares smoother to produce F0 curves. These smoothed curves are then utilized as input for the computation of FPC scores and their corresponding eigenfunctions. These scores are analyzed in a series of penalized mixed effect models, through which meaningful categorical prototypes are built. The prototypes appear to confirm known tonal characteristics of the language, as well as suggest the presence of a sinusoid tonal component that is previously undocumented.