Guidelines for Spacing between Freeway Ramps

Existing geometric design guidance related to interchange ramp spacing in the Texas Roadway Design Manual and AASHTO's Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets is not speed dependent even though intuition indicates that spacing and speed are related. Understanding the relationship between interchange ramp spacing, speed, and freeway operations is important, especially in developing potential design values for higher speeds (e.g., 85 to 100 mph). The objectives of this Texas Department of Transportation project were (a) to investigate relationships between weaving length, speed, and overall vehicle operations for successive ramps on Texas freeways and (b) to propose updates to current guidance on recommended distances between ramps. Several methods were used to assist in developing guidance on ramp spacing lengths. The methods and resources used to generate potential lengths included (a) guidance provided in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges published by the Highways Agency in England, (b) minimum deceleration and acceleration lengths for freeway conditions, (c) decision sight distance, (d) sign spacing needs, (e) NCHRP Project 3–75 findings, (f) findings from field studies at seven sites in Texas, (g) findings from simulation conducted as part of this research, and (h) safety relationships identified in the literature. Suggested ramp spacings were developed for the entrance–exit and exit–exit ramp scenarios.