Inhibition of the production of the Pseudomonas aeruginosavirulence factor pyocyanin in wild-type cells by quorum sensing autoinducer-mimics

Pseudomonas aeruginosais a notorious human pathogen associated with a range of life-threatening nosocomial infections. There is an increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa, highlighted by the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. Thus the exploration of new strategies for the treatment of P. aeruginosainfections is clearly warranted. P. aeruginosais known to produce a range of virulence factors that enhance its ability to damage the host tissue and cause disease. One of the most important virulence factors is pyocyanin. P. aeruginosaregulates pyocyanin production using an intercellular communication mechanism called quorum sensing, which is mediated by small signalling molecules termed autoinducers. One native autoinducer is N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OdDHL). Herein we report the synthesis of a collection of abiotic OdDHL-mimics. A number of novel compounds capable of competing with the endogenous OdDHL and consequently, inhibiting the production of pyocyanin in cultures of wild type P. aeruginosawere identified. We present evidence suggesting that compounds of this general structural type act as direct antagonists of quorum sensing in P. aeruginosaand as such may find value as molecular tools for the study and manipulation of this signalling pathway. A direct quantitative comparison of the pyocyanin suppressive activities of the most active OdDHL-mimics with some previously-reported inhibitors (based around different general structural frameworks) of quorum sensing from the literature, was also made.