Controversies regarding radiological changes and variables predicting amputation in a surgical series of diabetic foot osteomyelitis

Abstract Background To investigate if radiological changes have any influence on the outcomes of surgical treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Methods Data of patients included in a prospective cohort who underwent surgical treatment for definitive osteomyelitis were analyzed. Cases were classified according to radiological changes as “early osteomyelitis” when no radiological changes were found or in cases showing periosteal elevation and/or subcortical demineralization and/or cortical disruption. Cases showing sequestra and/or gross bone destruction were classified as “advanced osteomyelitis”. Results Early osteomyelitis was defined according to radiological findings in 37 cases (45.7%) and advanced in 44 (54.3%). Advanced osteomyelitis was not associated with the risk of undergoing amputation. Conclusions The bone changes seen in simple X-rays in cases of osteomyelitis do not have any prognostic value when surgical treatment is undertaken. The outcomes are more related to soft tissue involvement than bone destruction seen in simple X-rays.