Occurrence of fumonisins and zearalenone in maize stored in family farm in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Fumonisins and zearalenone are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. that commonly contaminate maize and its derivative products. Recent reports have shown that fumonisin B2 and B4 might also be produced by Aspergillus niger and Tolypocladum species, although their prevalence in maize is for sure connected to Fusarium species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of fumonisins and zearalenone in maize, stored in 10 family farms located in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Samples were collected in four periods, at intervals of two months, totalling 40 samples. Mycotoxins were isolated using commercial immunoaffinity columns and its concentrations were evaluated by fluorometric technique. Fumonisins were detected in all 40 samples, with values ranging from 230 to 6450 μg kg−1, and zearalenone was detected in 38 maize samples, with levels from 1.8 to 99 μg kg−1. Zearalenone levels were below the acceptable limit for human consumption but the fumonisins levels were above this limit in most samples, implying in risks to consumers' health. ► Samples were collected in 10 family farm cribs of Minas Gerais, Brazil. ► Zearalenone was detected in 38 samples and fumonisins in all 40 samples. ► Zearalenone levels were below the acceptable limit for human consumption. ► Fumonisins levels were above the limit implying in risks to consumers' health. ► The results indicate the need for the adoption of good agricultural practices.