Overview and performance assessment of the clustering methods for electrical load pattern grouping

In the current structure of the electricity business, distribution and supply services have been unbundled in many jurisdictions. As a consequence of unbundling, electricity supply to customers is now provided on a competitive basis. In this context, the electricity suppliers need to get accurate information on the actual behaviour of their customers for setting up dedicated commercial offers. Customer grouping on the basis of consumption pattern similarity is likely to provide effective results. This paper provides an overview of the clustering techniques used to establish suitable customer grouping, included in a general scheme for analysing electrical load pattern data. The characteristics of the various stages of the customer grouping procedure are illustrated and discussed, providing links to relevant literature references. The specific aspect of assessing the performance of the clustering algorithms for load pattern grouping is then addressed, showing how the parameters used to formulate different clustering methods impact on the clustering validity indicators. It emerges that the clustering methods able to isolate the outliers exhibit the best performance. The implications of this result on the use of the clustering methods for electrical load pattern grouping from the operator’s point of view are discussed. ► Overview of the scientific literature on clustering techniques for electrical load pattern grouping. ► Assessment of the performance of the clustering methods with variable method parameters. ► Interpretation of the performance of the clustering methods in terms of ability of isolating the outliers. ► Discussion on the use of one clustering method or another according to the operator’s needs to create the customer groups and/or identify the outliers.