Exercise preconditioning provides early cardioprotection against exhaustive exercise in rats: potential involvement of protein kinase C delta translocation

The objective of this study was to investigate the early cardioprotective effect of exercise preconditioning (EP) on the exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury in rats and the role of protein kinase C delta isoform (PKCδ) in EP. Rats were subjected to run on the treadmill for four periods of 10 min each at 30 m/min with intervening periods of rest of 10 min as an EP protocol. The exhaustive exercise was performed 0.5 h after EP. PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (CHE) was injected before EP. Our results showed that EP markedly attenuated the exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial ischemia/hypoxia, ultrastructural damage, high serum cTnI, and NT-proBNP levels. CHE injection before EP did not abolish the protection of EP. Both exhaustive exercise and EP produced a significant increase in PKCδ and p-PKCδ Thr507 protein levels in cardiomyocytes. However, the immunostaining of p-PKCδ Thr507 in EP cardiomyocytes was primarily localized to intercalated disks and nuclei while the exhaustive exercise-induced high level p-PKCδ Thr507 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the high PKCδ and p-PKCδ Thr507 levels in exhaustive exercise were significantly down-regulated by EP. CHE did not attenuate the expressions of PKCδ and p-PKCδ Thr507 . These results indicate that an appropriate activation and translocation of PKCδ may represent a mechanism whereby EP can exert an early cardioprotection against exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury.