Importance of infectious bovine reproductive diseases: an example from Ghana

The minimum sample size was calculated with a power of 0.8 and using the lowest assumed prevalence of any of the diseases of interest (approximately 10 per cent as predicted from the literature); that is, approximately 116 animals (Dean AG, Sullivan KM, Soe MM. OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version 2.3.1. www.OpenEpi.com , updated June 23, 2011, accessed April 12, 2012). ELISA seropositivity (% of animals) - IBR BVD BHV-4 Test result Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Negative 37.0 30.1 31.0 100 84.9 87.0 89.5 78.1 79.4 Positive 63.0 69.9 69.0 0.0 15.1 13.0 10.5 21.9 20.6 - ELISA Seropositivity (% of animals) - C burnetii B abortus N caninum Test result Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Negative 83.4 74.0 75.0 100 100 100 88.9 94.6 93.9 Positive 5.6 19.2 17.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 5.4 6.1 Suspect * 11.0 6.8 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 'Suspect' refers to samples that were intermediate in reactivity and could not be accurately interpreted The haemolytic assay indicated that 47.6 per cent of cattle tested were positive for T foetus; however, no T foetus organisms were isolated via culture from any animals in the herd ( Table 3 ). -