Community-Based Exercise Program is Cost-Effective by Preventing Care and Disability in Japanese Frail Older Adults

Abstract Background In Japan, older adults are assessed by frailty checklist for care prevention. However, the effect of care prevention programs in community-dwelling frail older adults is still unclear. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the care prevention program would reduce care and disability and to measure its cost-effectiveness in frail older adults. Design This is a prospective study using propensity score matching. Setting and subjects A total of 610 community-dwelling older adults were recruited in 2 cities of Japan. Intervention Subjects in the exercise group (n = 305) attended physical exercise sessions once a week for 16 consecutive weeks. The exercise sessions were in a standardized format consisting of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, progressive strength training, flexibility and balance exercises, and cool-down activities. The control group (n = 305) received only screening evaluation. Measurements Primary outcome was long term care insurance requirement certification during the 1-year follow-up period. Secondary outcome measurements were changes of frailty checklist, and care and medical cost. Results Twenty-five subjects (8.1%) in the exercise group and 55 (18%) in the control group were newly certified for long-term care insurance service requirement in 1 year after the intervention (RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.46–3.20). Consequently, the health care cost for the subjects in the exercise group was significantly lower than in the control group ( P < .001). Moreover, subjects in the exercise group had significant improvements in total scores of the frailty checklist compared with the control group that worsened after 1 year (exercise group: from 7.41 ± 3.98 to 7.11 ± 4.00, control group: from 7.34 ± 4.27 to 8.02 ± 4.81, F = 12.84, P < .001). Conclusion These results suggested that physical exercise is effective in preventing the progression of frailty and further disability in older adults living in the community. We could save heath care costs by our care prevention program.