The RASSF3 Candidate Tumor Suppressor Induces Apoptosis and G1―S Cell-Cycle Arrest via p53

RASSF3 is the smallest member of the RASSF family of proteins that function as tumor suppressors. Unlike other members of this important family, the mechanisms through which RASSF3 suppresses tumor formation remain unknown. Here, we show that RASSF3 expression induces p53-dependent apoptosis and its depletion attenuates DNA damage-induced apoptosis. We found that RASSF3-induced apoptosis depended upon p53 expression. Exogenous expression of RASSF3 induced G(1)-S arrest, which was also p53 dependent. In contrast, loss of RASSF3 promoted cell-cycle progression, abrogated UVB- and VP-16-induced G(1)-S arrest, decreased p53 protein and target gene expression, and prevented DNA repair. RASSF3 was shown to directly interact with and facilitate the ubiquitination of MDM2, the E3 ligase that targets p53 for degradation, thereby increasing p53 stabilization. Together, our findings show the tumor suppressor activity of RASSF3, which occurs through p53 stabilization and regulation of apoptosis and the cell cycle.