POTENTIAL OF MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN ADULT ADIPOSE TISSUE AND BONE MARROW FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the clonogenic efficiency, immunophenotype and the potential of adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) for In vitro differentiation into different mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lineages. Methods: Human AT and BM were obtained with the patient informed consent under full Ethical guidelines. Immunophenotype of cells was determined by flow cytometry. The efficiency of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of cells was determined in vitro in media, supplemented with specific induction factors. Endothelial potential of MSC at different stages of culture was assessed using Matrigel assay. Differentiation of MSC into insulin-producing cells was prepared during culture in high glucose medium in the presence of pancreatic stimuli. Results: It was found that clonogenic efficiency of AT and BM derived MSC at passage 1 comprised 8.1 plus or minus 1.8% and 8.5 plus or minus 2.3%, correspondingly. The analysis of the adipogenic differentiation efficiency showed no significant differences in the percentage of differentiated cells as well as in triglycerides content between two MSC sources. The accumulation of extracellular calcium was 1.23 times higher in BM MSC cultures compared to AT MSC after osteogenic differentiation. Additional clonal analysis of AT MSC showed that about 50% of clones have the ability for osteogenic differentiation. MSC at different stages of cultivation were able to form capillary-like structures in the Matrigel confirming the endothelial differentiation of cells. Differentiation of AT MSC and BM MSC into insulin-producing cells resulted in the formation of cluster-like aggregates and insulin expression, confirmed by PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry. After seeding into macroporous alginate-gelatin scaffolds, MSC from both sources demonstrated capability to proliferation and multilineage differentiation. Conclusions: MSC, derived from both BM and AT are promising for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications; however, each of them has advantages and drawbacks for a special purpose that will be additionally discussed.