Inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation similarly in healthy and hyperinsulinaemic humans
Background/Objectives: Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, which may protect against type 2 diabetes by reducing serum free-fatty acids (FFAs). Since hyperinsulinaemia is associated with insulin resistance and increased di...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of clinical nutrition 2011-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1279-1286 |
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| creator | Fernandes, J Vogt, J Wolever, T M S |
| description | Background/Objectives:
Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, which may protect against type 2 diabetes by reducing serum free-fatty acids (FFAs). Since hyperinsulinaemia is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk, the main objective was to compare markers of colonic fermentation after acute inulin ingestion in subjects with normal ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ejcn.2011.116 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1008832198</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A274955334</galeid><sourcerecordid>A274955334</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-3211e0057e6e37ab9d295e9d1f2cc8ab94d8a7dd280f5b08fbdc7e00b5bd8473</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kkFv1DAQhSMEokvhyBVFIBCXLLZjx86xqmipVIlL75HjTDZeHHuxk8P--07UhQUU5ENkz_c8zpuXZW8p2VJSqi-wN37LCKVbSqtn2YZyWRWi4uR5tiG14EVJiLzIXqW0JwSLkr3MLhiVlKlSbDJ_52dnfW69iaATpDwNIU7FBHHMRx1_QEx5H2JuggvemrzHAvhJTzb4PNnROh3dEfX5ANpNwzHXvsuH4wGi9Wm5W8OIumEetU-vsxe9dgnenL6X2cPN14frb8X999u766v7wlSMT0XJKAVChIQKSqnbumO1gLqjPTNG4Z53SsuuY4r0oiWqbzsjUdCKtlNclpfZ56drDzH8nCFNzWiTAee0hzCnhhKiFDapFaLv_0H3YY4eH9fURKFdpKIIffgfxCrOFOO0Fmdqpx001vdhitosnZsrJnktRFlypIoVagceokaLobd4_Be_XeFxdYuvq4JPfwieppKCm5eJpdWXmBhSitA3h2hx5kf0p1nC1SzhapZwNRgu5N-dXJjbEbrf9K80IfDxBOhktOuj9samMyeY4EKS8y8lLPkdxLOd650fAZxI5Sg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2642824195</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation similarly in healthy and hyperinsulinaemic humans</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Fernandes, J ; Vogt, J ; Wolever, T M S</creator><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, J ; Vogt, J ; Wolever, T M S</creatorcontrib><description>Background/Objectives:
Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, which may protect against type 2 diabetes by reducing serum free-fatty acids (FFAs). Since hyperinsulinaemia is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk, the main objective was to compare markers of colonic fermentation after acute inulin ingestion in subjects with normal (<40 pmol/l, NI) and high (⩾40 pmol/l, HI) plasma insulin.
Subjects/Methods:
Overnight fasted NI (
n
=9) and HI (
n
=9) subjects were studied for 4 h on two separate days after consuming 300 ml drinks containing 75 g glucose (Glucose) or 75 g glucose plus 24 g inulin (Inulin) using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design.
Results:
Inulin elicited a higher breath hydrogen and methane areas under the curve (AUC), but the increases in SCFA responses were not statistically significant. Mean serum-acetate concentration over the 4-h study period was higher in NI than in HI subjects (44.3±6.9 vs 22.5±3.7 μmol/l,
P
=0.001). The rate of rebound of FFA was reduced by Inulin, with FFA at 4 h being less after Inulin than Glucose, regardless of insulin status (0.310±0.028 vs 0.432±0.042 mEq/l,
P
=0.008).
Conclusions:
This suggests that inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation, but a longer study period may be necessary to observe differences in SCFA production. The reason for the lower serum acetate in HI is unclear but may be due to reduced absorption, increased clearance or decreased endogenous production. This suggests the need to compare acetate kinetics in normal and hyperinsulinaemic subjects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-3007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5640</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.116</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21712835</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/443/319 ; 692/699/2743/137/773 ; 692/699/2743/393 ; Absorption ; Acetates - blood ; Acetic acid ; Adult ; Area Under Curve ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Breath Tests ; Clinical Nutrition ; Colon ; Colon - drug effects ; Colon - metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Development and progression ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology ; Dietary fiber ; Dietary Fiber - metabolism ; Diets ; Epidemiology ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fermentation ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glucose ; Glucose - metabolism ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Humans ; Hydrogen - metabolism ; Hyperinsulinism - metabolism ; Ingestion ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Internal Medicine ; Inulin ; Inulin - pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Markers ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Methane ; Methane - metabolism ; Nutrition research ; original-article ; Physiological aspects ; Propionic acid ; Public Health ; Single-Blind Method ; Statistical analysis ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical nutrition, 2011-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1279-1286</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011.</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-3211e0057e6e37ab9d295e9d1f2cc8ab94d8a7dd280f5b08fbdc7e00b5bd8473</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-3211e0057e6e37ab9d295e9d1f2cc8ab94d8a7dd280f5b08fbdc7e00b5bd8473</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/ejcn.2011.116$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/ejcn.2011.116$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25254570$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21712835$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vogt, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolever, T M S</creatorcontrib><title>Inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation similarly in healthy and hyperinsulinaemic humans</title><title>European journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Background/Objectives:
Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, which may protect against type 2 diabetes by reducing serum free-fatty acids (FFAs). Since hyperinsulinaemia is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk, the main objective was to compare markers of colonic fermentation after acute inulin ingestion in subjects with normal (<40 pmol/l, NI) and high (⩾40 pmol/l, HI) plasma insulin.
Subjects/Methods:
Overnight fasted NI (
n
=9) and HI (
n
=9) subjects were studied for 4 h on two separate days after consuming 300 ml drinks containing 75 g glucose (Glucose) or 75 g glucose plus 24 g inulin (Inulin) using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design.
Results:
Inulin elicited a higher breath hydrogen and methane areas under the curve (AUC), but the increases in SCFA responses were not statistically significant. Mean serum-acetate concentration over the 4-h study period was higher in NI than in HI subjects (44.3±6.9 vs 22.5±3.7 μmol/l,
P
=0.001). The rate of rebound of FFA was reduced by Inulin, with FFA at 4 h being less after Inulin than Glucose, regardless of insulin status (0.310±0.028 vs 0.432±0.042 mEq/l,
P
=0.008).
Conclusions:
This suggests that inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation, but a longer study period may be necessary to observe differences in SCFA production. The reason for the lower serum acetate in HI is unclear but may be due to reduced absorption, increased clearance or decreased endogenous production. This suggests the need to compare acetate kinetics in normal and hyperinsulinaemic subjects.</description><subject>631/443/319</subject><subject>692/699/2743/137/773</subject><subject>692/699/2743/393</subject><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Acetates - blood</subject><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Area Under Curve</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Breath Tests</subject><subject>Clinical Nutrition</subject><subject>Colon</subject><subject>Colon - drug effects</subject><subject>Colon - metabolism</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dietary fiber</subject><subject>Dietary Fiber - metabolism</subject><subject>Diets</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Hyperinsulinism - metabolism</subject><subject>Ingestion</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Inulin</subject><subject>Inulin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Methane</subject><subject>Methane - metabolism</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Propionic acid</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Single-Blind Method</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><issn>0954-3007</issn><issn>1476-5640</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kkFv1DAQhSMEokvhyBVFIBCXLLZjx86xqmipVIlL75HjTDZeHHuxk8P--07UhQUU5ENkz_c8zpuXZW8p2VJSqi-wN37LCKVbSqtn2YZyWRWi4uR5tiG14EVJiLzIXqW0JwSLkr3MLhiVlKlSbDJ_52dnfW69iaATpDwNIU7FBHHMRx1_QEx5H2JuggvemrzHAvhJTzb4PNnROh3dEfX5ANpNwzHXvsuH4wGi9Wm5W8OIumEetU-vsxe9dgnenL6X2cPN14frb8X999u766v7wlSMT0XJKAVChIQKSqnbumO1gLqjPTNG4Z53SsuuY4r0oiWqbzsjUdCKtlNclpfZ56drDzH8nCFNzWiTAee0hzCnhhKiFDapFaLv_0H3YY4eH9fURKFdpKIIffgfxCrOFOO0Fmdqpx001vdhitosnZsrJnktRFlypIoVagceokaLobd4_Be_XeFxdYuvq4JPfwieppKCm5eJpdWXmBhSitA3h2hx5kf0p1nC1SzhapZwNRgu5N-dXJjbEbrf9K80IfDxBOhktOuj9samMyeY4EKS8y8lLPkdxLOd650fAZxI5Sg</recordid><startdate>20111201</startdate><enddate>20111201</enddate><creator>Fernandes, J</creator><creator>Vogt, J</creator><creator>Wolever, T M S</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111201</creationdate><title>Inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation similarly in healthy and hyperinsulinaemic humans</title><author>Fernandes, J ; Vogt, J ; Wolever, T M S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-3211e0057e6e37ab9d295e9d1f2cc8ab94d8a7dd280f5b08fbdc7e00b5bd8473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>631/443/319</topic><topic>692/699/2743/137/773</topic><topic>692/699/2743/393</topic><topic>Absorption</topic><topic>Acetates - blood</topic><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Area Under Curve</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Breath Tests</topic><topic>Clinical Nutrition</topic><topic>Colon</topic><topic>Colon - drug effects</topic><topic>Colon - metabolism</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dietary fiber</topic><topic>Dietary Fiber - metabolism</topic><topic>Diets</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen - metabolism</topic><topic>Hyperinsulinism - metabolism</topic><topic>Ingestion</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Inulin</topic><topic>Inulin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Methane</topic><topic>Methane - metabolism</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Propionic acid</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Single-Blind Method</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vogt, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolever, T M S</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma 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Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fernandes, J</au><au>Vogt, J</au><au>Wolever, T M S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation similarly in healthy and hyperinsulinaemic humans</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2011-12-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1279</spage><epage>1286</epage><pages>1279-1286</pages><issn>0954-3007</issn><eissn>1476-5640</eissn><abstract>Background/Objectives:
Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, which may protect against type 2 diabetes by reducing serum free-fatty acids (FFAs). Since hyperinsulinaemia is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk, the main objective was to compare markers of colonic fermentation after acute inulin ingestion in subjects with normal (<40 pmol/l, NI) and high (⩾40 pmol/l, HI) plasma insulin.
Subjects/Methods:
Overnight fasted NI (
n
=9) and HI (
n
=9) subjects were studied for 4 h on two separate days after consuming 300 ml drinks containing 75 g glucose (Glucose) or 75 g glucose plus 24 g inulin (Inulin) using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design.
Results:
Inulin elicited a higher breath hydrogen and methane areas under the curve (AUC), but the increases in SCFA responses were not statistically significant. Mean serum-acetate concentration over the 4-h study period was higher in NI than in HI subjects (44.3±6.9 vs 22.5±3.7 μmol/l,
P
=0.001). The rate of rebound of FFA was reduced by Inulin, with FFA at 4 h being less after Inulin than Glucose, regardless of insulin status (0.310±0.028 vs 0.432±0.042 mEq/l,
P
=0.008).
Conclusions:
This suggests that inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation, but a longer study period may be necessary to observe differences in SCFA production. The reason for the lower serum acetate in HI is unclear but may be due to reduced absorption, increased clearance or decreased endogenous production. This suggests the need to compare acetate kinetics in normal and hyperinsulinaemic subjects.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>21712835</pmid><doi>10.1038/ejcn.2011.116</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0954-3007 1476-5640 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | 631/443/319 692/699/2743/137/773 692/699/2743/393 Absorption Acetates - blood Acetic acid Adult Area Under Curve Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - metabolism Breath Tests Clinical Nutrition Colon Colon - drug effects Colon - metabolism Cross-Over Studies Development and progression Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology Dietary fiber Dietary Fiber - metabolism Diets Epidemiology Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fermentation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glucose Glucose - metabolism Health aspects Health risks Humans Hydrogen - metabolism Hyperinsulinism - metabolism Ingestion Insulin Insulin resistance Internal Medicine Inulin Inulin - pharmacology Kinetics Male Markers Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Methane Methane - metabolism Nutrition research original-article Physiological aspects Propionic acid Public Health Single-Blind Method Statistical analysis Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| title | Inulin increases short-term markers for colonic fermentation similarly in healthy and hyperinsulinaemic humans |
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