Gerty MacDowell, Poetess: Butler’s The Authoress of the Odyssey and the Nausicaa Episode of Ulysses

The works of Samuel Butler have often been identified as a probable influence on Joyce. [...] recently, scholars focused on The Way of All Flesh as a precursor to the Joyce canon, and especially to that other bildungsroman on the verge of modernism, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.1 New inquiries were incited when the list of books in Joyce's Trieste library was published in Richard Ellmann's The Consciousness of Joyce (1977). Besides The Way of All Flesh, the list includes four other works by Butler: