Institutional problems of introducing innovations

The article considers the problems of the transition from the stage of making innovation decisions during the implementation of fundamental research and the exploratory studies for the practical development, creation, and introduction of innovations. It is noted that many of the accumulated problems were inherited from the Soviet times and that some emerged after the disintegration of sectoral research. It is proposed to use the experience of developed countries (Japan, South Korea) in addressing these issues with allowance for the specifics of the Russian applied sector. The suggested approach is called the “two-way innovation transition” where, on the one hand, the key role is assigned to management companies, which are set up as public-private partnerships and on the basis of chain organization provide the implementation of innovation projects and support the setting up of small innovation businesses, and, on the other hand, the promotion of a state-funded wide network of engineering centers oriented to the application of licenses and patents, including foreign ones, as well as to the maintenance of the imported technical facilities, equipment, and technologies.