Measuring Anti-Americanism in Editorial Cartoons

Objective. Anti-Americanism has been subjected to minimal statistical analysis. Further, scant attention is paid to what constitutes anti-Americanism for Americans. The objective of this article is to measure Americans' perceptions of an ti-Americanism. Methods. Using a range of quantitative methods, including Pearson's correlation coefficient, Shannon's entropy measure, and Cohen's d statistics, we measure students' evaluations of editorial cartoons after 9/11. Twin measures of message and equity, along with participant and cartoon variables, are used to calibrate anti-Americanism in Spanish and U.S. editorial cartoons. Results. Our results indicate that message ratings, that is, anti-or pro-American, were more dependent on the nature of the cartoons than of the participants. White males rated these editorial cartoons as more equitable than other participants. The study shows that Spanish cartoons were rated significandy more anti-American. Conclusion. The article concludes that the use of U.S. icons is key to seeing anti-Americanism, along with gender, race, and origin of cartoon.