Interaction between Grain Yields of Rice and Environment (Soil) in Four Agroecological Zones in Nigeria

Rice grows in all agroecological zones (AEZs) of Nigeria as the weather (rainfall, solar radiation, relative humidity) is optimum. Investigation was conducted in four AEZs to evaluate the effect of environment (soil) on the grain yields (GYs) of four new rice cultivars for Africa (NERICA) compared w...

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Veröffentlicht in:Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2010-05, Vol.41 (10), p.1220-1236
Hauptverfasser: Olaleye, A. O., Osiname, O. A., Fashola, R. O., Akinbola, G. E., Ayanlaja, S. A., Akinyemi, J. O., Obuh, J.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Rice grows in all agroecological zones (AEZs) of Nigeria as the weather (rainfall, solar radiation, relative humidity) is optimum. Investigation was conducted in four AEZs to evaluate the effect of environment (soil) on the grain yields (GYs) of four new rice cultivars for Africa (NERICA) compared with farmers cultivars (i.e., Ofada and ITA 150). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated 10 times. The treatments were four AEZs [the northern Guinea savanna (NGS), derived savanna (DS), southern Guinea savanna (SGS), and Sudan savanna (SS)], four NERICA rice cultivars [WAB 189-B-B-B-HB (or WAB 189), WbAB 450-1-P-38-HB (or P-38), WAB-450-11-1-P31-1-HB (or P-31), WAB-450-24-3-2-P18-HB (or P-18)], Ofada, and a control (ITA 150). Ten on-farm plots were used as replicates. All trials were farmer managed. Data were collected on the soil physicochemical characteristics before the experiment, while GYs were collected at harvest. Results of the GYs were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Soil properties that significantly related to the GYs of rice were isolated using stepwise multiple regression analysis (SMRA). The most stable rice cultivar across all AEZs was obtained from the slope of a regression equation from the cultivar means versus environmental means. Results of the soil chemical properties showed that across all AEZs, soil fertility status varied between low and medium. Furthermore, the GYs of rice cultivars ranged between 2.55 and 3.44 t ha −1 and were of the order ITA 150 > P 18 > P 31 > Ofada > P 38 > WAB 1, though not significantly different. However, across AEZs, the GYs of rice were of the order SS > SGS > NGS > DS. The SMRA showed that the only three soil properties (pH, available P, and clay) significantly related to the GY of three of the rice cultivars (Ofada, P31, and WAB 189) with R 2 values of 36, 53, and 63% respectively. The slopes of regression equations were 0.50, 0.65, 0.69, 0.85, 0.89, and 0.98 respectively for rice cultivars P31, P38, P18, ITA 150, Ofada, and WAB 189. This suggested that the most stable rice cultivars were P31 and P38. However, observations across sites showed that majority of farmers still prefer to grow Ofada on their farms, suggesting most local farmers are not yet aware of these rice cultivars. Results further showed that with proper management of the soil pH and available P and soil moisture (i.e., clay content), the GYs of these rice varieties could be improved. Crit
ISSN:0010-3624
1532-2416
1532-4133
DOI:10.1080/00103621003721411