"La frontera norte tiene tres problemas: tráfico de armas, de drogas y de migrantes"1. Migración irregular y discursos 'securitarios' en Centroamérica: el caso de Costa Rica2

Los Protocolos definen smuggling y trafficking de la siguiente manera: 'Smuggling of migrants' shaU mean the procurement, in order to obtain, directly indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident Convention Transnational Crime, Smuggling, Annex III, 2000: 'Trafficking in persons' shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Based on the global paradigm of the "securitization" of irregular migration (Waever et al., 1993; Weiner, 1995), and applying a transnational and multi-level framework of analysis, the author explores the discursive repertoires, the actors, and specific regulations that come together in the creation of the link between migration and (in)security in Central America in general and Costa Rica in particular. 14 Entre los RCP más consolidados están Ia "Conferencia Regional de Migración" (CRM o Proceso Puebla)Q y Ia "South American Conference on Migration" (SACM) en las Americas; la "Bali Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime" (Bali Process)D y el "Manila Process" en Asia; el "Budapest Process" y el "Cross Border Cooperation Process" (Söderköping Process o CBCP) en Europa; así como el "Mediterranean Transit Migration Dialogue" (MTM), el "Migration Dialogue for West Africa" (MIDWA)D y el "Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa" (MIDSA) para el espacio transregional Europa/África (Hansen, 2010).