Gene flow and natal dispersal in the Siberian flying squirrel based on direct and indirect data

Dispersal is a key determinant of the evolution and ecology of species. For a comprehensive picture of dispersal, a combination of both field observations and indirect genetic measures are required, as both of these have strengths that may mitigate the other's limitations. Here, we used microsatellite markers and radio-telemetry data to study dispersal and gene flow in Siberian flying squirrels. Genetic data confirmed our empirical results that dispersal is female biased in the flying squirrel. Female bias in dispersal is exceptional among mammals and in flying squirrels is probably explained by competition for food resources and nesting cavities among mothers and daughters. The individual-level genetic pattern was influenced by isolation by distance. Using this information fairly comparable dispersal distances were derived using indirect data as observed directly with radio telemetry. Thus, our results support the recent conclusion that individual-level genetic data can be useful in inferring dispersal distances for species for which direct data are lacking.