Genesis of carbonatites of fold belts (exemplified by the Urals)

The study of carbonatites is a very important task, since these rocks host large REE, tantalum, niobium, iron, apatite, vermiculite, and other deposits. The geological structure and genesis of carbonatites, their varieties in the Urals included, are considered in a great number of publications. Zhabin was the first to define carbonatites in the Urals, where they are localized in the Ilmen Vishnevye Gory Complex of alkali intrusive rocks. The genesis of carbonatites and carbonatite like rocks of the Urals (as well as the validity of their belonging to carbonatites) was debated for a long time, since these rocks exhibit several features differentiating them from classical carbonatites in ring alkali ultramafic complexes of platforms.