The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs: Native Americans and Whites in the Progressive Era

[...] more significantly, he argues that the Progressive period marks a uniquely and profoundly significant transitional period in the long and convoluted history of federal-Indian relations - one that was so unsuccessful and so unsatisfying to all interested parties that it ultimately led to the emergence of a "new paradigm" and a new "reform" impetus championed most prominently by John Collier in the late 1920s and '30s.