Classical Islamic Theology: The Ash[MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]arites. Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalam

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) This is the third and final volume of collected studies by Richard Frank, the great authority on Islamic theology and philosophy; the first two volumes - Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism in Medieval Islam and Early Islamic Theology: The Mu[MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]tazilites and al-Ash[MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]ari - were published in 2005 and 2007 and were also edited by Dimitri Gutas. Chapter 7, "Knowledge and taqlid: the foundations of religious belief in classical Ash[MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]arism", examines how Ash[MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]arite theologians articulated the view that religious belief (both in terms of its foundation and continued stability) must be primarily established through a process of speculative reasoning and rational insight, as against the uncertainty and instability of taqlid and historical claim. Chapter 14 (Al-Ustadh Abu Ishak: an [MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]Akida together with selected fragments", features a critical edition of the Arabic text of the Aqida of the Ash[MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING]arite theologian al-Isfara'ini along with selected fragments, and is accompanied by a short introduction and extensive remarks in the endnotes.