THE CONJUNCTIONS [Graphics character omitted], A, AND HO: A COMPARISON OF USAGE BY HERITAGE AND TRADITIONAL STUDENTS OF RUSSIAN

Several textbooks and Russian reference grammars explain the differences between the Russian conjunctions u, a, HO for the benefit of language learners. First-year textbooks provide some explanation of the differences and similarities between u, a, HO; however, the textbooks for more advanced learners either proceed with subordinate conjunctions, leaving behind the coordinating ones, or give only minimal explanation and practice for the latter because it is taken for granted that students are capable of using these conjunctions effortlessly. Here, Dengub et al identify and analyze error patterns in the use of the Russian conjunctions u, a, and HO by heritage and traditional students of the Russian language, and find similarities and differences in ways these two groups use the three coordinating conjunctions.