Graduate training of facilitative counselors: The effects of individual supervision

Used R. R. Carkhuff's model for predicting growth in interpersonal functioning to examine changes over time in the behavior of 15 counseling interns on the facilitative dimensions of empathy, regard, genuineness, and concreteness. Ss having supervisors who themselves were functioning at high levels of empathy, regard, genuineness, and concreteness changed significantly and positively. Ss who had supervisors functioning at low levels on these dimensions did not change, and in fact tended to decline slightly. The importance of the individual supervisor in training is discussed in terms of demonstrating the efficacy of graduate school training in therapeutic functioning.