Symbols and indication in apes and other species? Comment on Savage-Rumbaugh et al

Responds to the E. S. Savage-Rumbaugh et al article on nonhuman artificial language learning in chimpanzees. The present author expresses concern with the experimental paradigm used, focusing on (a) the naming/request distinction and (b) a need for testing in nonroutine situations that can permit spontaneous, varied, flexible, and novel use of symbolic and other abilities. The issues of possible semanticity in animals other than apes and what might be rudimentary forms of symbol use are discussed. The question of how one might investigate meaning in animals' artificial language and natural communication is raised. The present author suggests a need for contributions from diverse disciplines and theoretical interpretations. (47 ref)