Design and optimization of UWB fractal micro strip patch antenna for vehicular communication applications under futuristic frequencies

A new microstrip patch antenna design with a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is described in this research for 5G V2V and V2I communication in the 25 GHz to 35 GHz frequency band. The proposed antenna improves performance and bandwidth enhancement by combining back propagation model ANN, fractal geometry, and DGS. ANN optimizes antenna size and an enhancement in bandwidth is noticed. Fractal geometry reduces antenna size and improves radiation and bandwidth through self-similarity at various scales. Additionally, this fractal-based method reduces unnecessary side lobes, enhancing performance. DGS prevent surface wave propagation, reduce cross-coupling, and boost gain. Periodic ground plane slots or patches control radiation patterns and facilitate element mutual interaction in the DGS. DGS microstrip patch antennas provide a high gain of 9 dB, a massive simulation bandwidth of 4900 MHz and measured bandwidth of 4600MHz, and a lack of mutual coupling. It’s a great 5G V2V and V2I solution for reliable communication.